Plato, the Greek philosopher and mathematician, described music and astronomy as “sister sciences” that both encompass harmonious motions, whether of instrument strings or celestial objects. This philosophy of a “Music of the Spheres” was symbolic. However, modern technology is creating a true music of the spheres by transforming astronomical data into unique musical compositions.
Gerhard Sonnert, a research associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, has published a new website that allows listeners to literally hear the music of the stars. He worked with Wanda Diaz-Merced, a postdoctoral student at the University of Glasgow whose blindness led her into the field of sonification (turning astrophysical data into sound); and with composer Volkmar Studtrucker, who turned the sound into music.
Video: After travelling for 200 years, X-rays from a binary star system in the constellation of Hydrat were received by NASA’s Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Wanda Diaz Merced used the computer program “xSonify” to convert the X- rays into a sequence of tones. Gerhard Sonnert had the idea to turn these audible X-rays into music and offered it to the composer Volkmar Studtrucker.
“I saw the musical notes on Wanda’s desk and I got inspired,” Sonnert says.
Diaz-Merced lost her sight in her early 20s while studying physics. When she visited an astronomy lab and heard the hiss of a signal from a radio telescope, she realized that she might be able to continue doing the science she loved. She now works with a program called xSonify, which allows users to present numerical data as sound and use pitch, volume, or rhythm to distinguish between different data values.
This artist’s conception shows the binary star system EX Hydrae, which consists of a normal star (right) and a white dwarf (left, at center of disk). Known as a cataclysmic variable, EX Hydrae fluctuates in X-ray brightness as the white dwarf consumes gas from its companion. Credit: Christine Pulliam (CfA)
During a visit to the Center for Astrophysics in 2011, Diaz-Merced worked with data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory. The target was EX Hydrae – a binary system consisting of a normal star and a white dwarf. Known as a cataclysmic variable, it fluctuates in X-ray brightness as the white dwarf consumes gas from its companion.
Diaz-Merced plugged the Chandra X-ray data into xSonify and converted it into musical notes. The results sound random, but Sonnert sensed that they could become something more pleasing to the ear. He contacted Studtrucker who chose short passages from the sonified notes, perhaps 70 bars in total, and added harmonies in different musical styles. Sound files that began as atonal compositions transformed into blues jams and jazz ballads, to name just two examples of the nine songs produced.
Wanda Diaz-Merced
The project shows that something as far away and otherworldly as an X-ray-emitting cataclysmic variable binary star system can be significant to humans for two distinct reasons – one scientific and one artistic.
“We’re still extracting meaning from data, but in a very different way,” explains Sonnert.
You can listen to the results of the project at the Star Songs website. –Christine Pulliam
